Saturday, 12 September 2020

What happens when Volcano erupts?

 A volcano erupts when hot molten rock from dep inside the Earth bursts out of the ground. Rivers of liquid rock, called lava, flow down the side of the volcano burning trees, houses, anything else in their paths. An exploding volcano may also fling out ash, mud and poisonous gases. Volcanoes are not just destructive, however and often create new mountains and Island.


Inside A volcano: 

Beneath an active volcano lies chamber of hot molten rock, called magma. The magma is less dense than the solid rock around it, so rises to the surface through cracks or fissures and a main outlet, called a vent. Magma that contains a lot of dissolved gasses will explode at the surface, throwing ash and rocks known as bomb into the air. Sometimes burning gas and ash known as pyroclastic flow pour down the sides. Magma that contains very little gas flow more slowly. 


Tell me more: Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Clouds of gas: Water vapour, carbon dioxide, and sulphur dioxide from clouds above event.

Burning River: Lava flows downhill at speeds of up to 100 kph.

Magma: Some of the molten rock hurled into the air forms "bombs"

Crater: Lava, cinder and volcanic ash build a rocky but fragile ridge around the vent

Red hot: Flowing lava has a temperature of about 1,000 degree Celsius 

Cooling surface : A wrinkled or rough skin forms as lava cools.


Types of volcano:

Cinder Cone : these are the smallest but most common type of volcano such as Paricutin, Mexico and are made up of loose volcano rock from repeated eruptions.

Shield Volcano:  Runny lava spreads out as it flows from the volcano and over time layers of lava builds to form a vast low mound seen here at Puu Oo in Hawaii

Strato Volcano: Large steep mountains like mount Fuji in Japan are formed from layers of ash and lava from repeated eruption.

Super Volcano : These Vast Volcanoes can cause a long-lasting change to weather, threaten the extinction of species and cover huge areas with lava and ash.

Submarine Volcano: Where volcanoes erupt beneath the seabed the weight of water prevents big explosion and pillow lava may form seen here of the coast of Hawaii.

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